Depiction Of Hamlets Procrastination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1255 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Procrastination Essay Did you like this example? The story of Hamlet is one containing many major themes, one, in particular, being the deterministic causes behind Hamletrs delay in seeking vengeance. Hamlet struggles battles, both internal and external, with the internal proving to be more prevalent. Three of the specific factors that impact the herors inability to obey the ghostrs command include his uncertainty, finding the ideal moment to act, and his tendency to over complicate the task in order to seek out perfection. Hamlet chooses to procrastinate his vengeance as a result of his own uncertainty. Hamletrs procrastination stemming from an uncertainty begins with his distrust of the spirit he recognizes as his father. When he encounters the ghost he immediately begins to question it. Following this meeting, he addresses his fears of its intentions in a soliloquy, The spirit that I have seen May be the devil: and the devil hath power To assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me: Ill have grounds More relative than this: the play s the thing Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the king. (II,ii) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Depiction Of Hamlets Procrastination" essay for you Create order As a result, he chooses to ensure the guilt before making any rash decisions to take immediate vengeance. He takes it upon himself to uncover the full truth on the death of his father before taking the fate of Claudius into his own hands. His first method of unveiling the truth is done through the traveling players that have found their way to the Elsinore Castle. Hamlet meets with the group of actors and makes a request for a very specific play, The Murder of Gonzaga, to be presented to all, including King Claudius. The play presented a reenactment if what Hamlet presumed to be the events surrounding the murder of his father. During the performance, Claudius is unable to mask his increasing discomfort. The drama causes him so much distress that he resorts to rushing out and demanding the return of lights. This reaction gives Hamlet the needed assurance of Claudiusrs guilt and leaves him with a stronger sense of certainty. Following uncertainty, another internal factor that contributes to Hamletrs inability to take immediate action against Claudius is his unpreparedness and indecisiveness. As Hamlet is exposed to opportunities to take down his uncle, he backs down. Each time he is able to find something potentially wrong with the situation. There are continuous introductions of new refinements, or added rules that Hamlet decides he must obey as he carries out his fatherrs perfect revenge against Claudius. These added details signal that Hamlet lacks the self-confidence to carry out what he considers to be his duty. It is not that he does not know what he must do and what he even desires to do, but he prefers to take as much time as he can to deliberate and find the optimal method to do his task. His lack of readiness results in his hesitation and this causes the occurrence of unnecessary tragedies. However, he deems it vital to do whatever he can with the utmost precision in order to achieve the most d esirable outcome. His behavior and action reflect this with magnitude. Hamlet does not see it possible to take reasonable, yet effective and purposeful action. The question at hand, is how is one to act as he/she is affected by not only the rational considerations, (i.e. the need for certainty), but also by the emotional, ethical, and psychological implications? Hamlet portrays an attitude of distrust toward the idea that it can be even slightly possible to act in a purposeful, while still controlled manner. Other characters in the play differ in that they think and act with a conscious behavior, but they do not concern themselves with calculating each detail of what they will do to determine the optimal end result. As a result, they are less troubled by the need to act effectively. The characters act how they feel is appropriate in whatever situations and environments they find themselves in. Hamletrs differing thought process is what sets him apart from the other characters. An interesting quality relating to Hamletrs thought process is how well he can carry out actions when deprived of having the time to think on them. He reacts and is prompt with his responses. When he ran Polonius through, he did it quickly without any moment for him to become indecisive or allow the intrusion of his meticulous conscience or his over-refinement. When Hamlet does something well, it is often due to him having been given no opportunity to dwell on the act prior. When he takes action, he does best when he does it blindly without any premeditation. Following the play, Hamlet is given the opportunity to exact his revenge when he encounters his uncle alone in prayer. Hamlet is aware that this is the perfect chance to kill Claudius, however, he does not take action as he presumes his uncle to be praying a prayer that will have his soul pure. He decides he cannot kill the king at that moment because he would certainly be sent straight to heaven. He resolves to wait for an opportunity to kill Claudius, which would be: When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed, At game, a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in t† Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, And that his soul may be as damned and black As hell, whereto it goes. (III.iv) So Hamlet will wait to kill until his uncle is actively indulging in one of his sins in order to ensure his eternal damnation. Unfortunately for Hamlet, he was not aware of what the king was professing in his prayers at that moment. His prayer was not sincere, as he states, My fault is past. But, O, what form of prayer can serve my turn? Forgive me my foul murder? That cannot be, since I am still possessed Of those effects for which I did the murder: My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen. May one be pardoned and retain th offense? (iii.iv) He prays of having a desire to repent and seek forgiveness, but he knows he cannot ever be fully forgiven for his sin against his brother, as he is unwilling to give up neither the crown nor the queen. Hamlets fathers ghost assigned him a difficult task, to say the least, and Hamlet consistently worked toward and planned on carrying it out. However, each time he fell short as a result of his need to resolve, and then re-resolve, and finally he would find himself in the exact same place he started. It was not due to any disloyalty, or lack of desire. Rather he was being held back by never finishing out his thoughts on the matter. The instant it was his chance to act, he found a reason to take a step back. He welcomed any opportunity to think the task over once more, allowing himself a conscientious-appearing excuse for delay. He did his best work when the tasks were thrown at him by accident, but struggled when he was given any chance to reminisce. This is why he ultimately steps back and waits for fate to lure Claudius to him rather than actively pursuing him. This leaves him lamenting himself for failing to complete his duty to avenge his father.

Organic Restaurant Business Plan - 1448 Words

Restaurant - Zaaika, organic food restaurant Executive summary 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Mission 2.0 Company Summary 3.0 Services 4.0 Market Analysis Summary 5.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary 6.0 Management Summary 7.0 Financial Plan Executive Summary Zaaika is a new medium-sized restaurant located in a Mumbai Suburbs. Zaaikas emphasis will be on organic and Indian ethnic food. An emphasis on organic ingredients is based on Zaaikas dedication to sustainable development. Additionally, the restaurant employs its staff from the villages and trains them. Services Zaaika offers a trendy, fun place to have great food in a social environment. The restaurant offers a large†¦show more content†¦50,000 Other 50,000 Total Start-up Expenses 150,000 Start-up Assets Needed Cash Balance on Starting Date 44,00,000 Other Current Assets 25,00,000 Total Current Assets 69,00,000 Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 69,00,000 Total Requirements 70,50,000 Funding Investment Investor 1 12,50,000 Investor 2 7,50,000 Total Investment 20,00,000 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 50,000 Current Borrowing 0 Other Current Liabilities 0 Current Liabilities 50,000 Long-term Liabilities 50,00,000 Total Liabilities 50,50,000 Loss at Start-up (150,000) Total Capital 18,50,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 69,00,000 3.0 Services The Menu The menu is going to be extremely simple but changing every day. We will keep a small group of constants on the menu and then feature a chefs recommendation that we plan to have 85% of meals ordering. This will help us to reduce waste and plan ingredients and purchasing. Organic Ingredients The organic ingredient element will allow us to price to the extremely wealthy Internet entrepreneurs who are looking to spend an exorbitant amount of money to have peace of mind that their money is still coming back to themselves. We will be extremely ecologically conscious as well, and spread this across ourShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A Market Analysis1405 Words   |  6 Pages Organic’s Marketing Plan # 1 Patrick Conesa 13 Sept 2014 Table of Contents Situation Analysis Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Market Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Product (Service)Offering†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Keys to Success†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Critical Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9Read MoreChipotle For The Fast Food Industry1088 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of time. 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Managing Rural Change

Question: Discuss about theManaging Rural Change. Answer: Introduction To view evolution as a change in action, it is prudent to define the term. Evolution can be defined as a process through which various types of living organisms are thought or assumed to have not only developed, but also diversified from the earlier forms during the earths history. It can also be defined as being the gradual development of an item from simple to complex forms. This research paper justifies the assertion that evolution is a change in action through basing it on readings from various professionals such as Fritjof Capra who was a Psychiatrist and Brian Swimme. The research paper will also seek to affirm that evolution is indeed a change in action through relying on the works of Ken Wilber who was a great philosopher who wrote regarding evolutionary thinking based on philosophy (Capra, 2004). Points relating to evolution have also been well discussed in the research paper through the works of both Brian Swimme and Fritjof Capra. In essence, the entire research paper disc usses the assertion that evolution is a change in action through developing an effective connection with the world of management in the contemporary world. Principles of change that emanate from nature have also been duly constructed in the research paper. Identification of Evolution as a Change in Action based on Fritjof Capra According to Fritjof Capra (Capra Luisi, 2014)., it is asserted that it is quite difficult for people to lay foundations of their future without effectively comprehending the logic of the control systems that allow them to become intact as organisms and in the organizations and societies that they are part of. As a result, the Psychiatrist asserts that systems thinking should be applied to the socio-economic systems so as to effectively explore the change paths in most of the industrial civilizations Evolution is thus a change in action because a sustainable world can only be achieved through ensuring that people think differently. For instance, innovators in the contemporary world are making change to be a change in action by ensuring that they develop a different future through learning how to observe larger systems that they are also part of and through collaboration across imaginable boundaries (Capra, 2007). Through reading Fritjof Capras work, it can genuinely be ascertained t hat change can only be possible through application of the logic of control systems known as change management. Change management is very essential in the modern world of management because it helps in making decisions regarding how best the stems can be regulated so as to attain new objectives. The new systems ought to necessarily aid in the identification of the state as well as the structure of the actual or real socio-economic systems together with levers in order to modify or change the objectives using levers of cultural changes. This is quite beneficial because it helps in making it possible for all the entities to work together thus leading to the creation of a world which is sustainable. Indeed, Fritjof states that innovation, learning, and evolution are also similar to control processes, especially as regards to the vision that is not only presented by cybernetics as well as a more integrated and comprehensive view of self-organizing systems. Identification of changes to assert that evolution is actually a change in action is made possible through reading Fritjof Capras work (VerÃ…Å ¸iĆ¡, 2016). Based on the works, it can truly be asserted that even though control systems are different, they can effectively be referred to using some model types which are quite beneficial in almost all research fields. In essence, there is need for individuals across the world to ensure that they guide the present life towards the future life consciously and proactively (Clammer, 2016). This can be done by facing any unavoidable consequences that may arise in the course of the way such as population growth extinction, global warm, poverty, escalation of arms, spread of epidemics, and even global warming. Evolution can become a change in action if people effectively understand the power, networks, or logic of the control systems that are in place and developing control systems that are effective for all and sundry. The human population should also seek to not only innovate, but also create and manage the newest forms of machines, organizations, and processes without necessarily conceiving or developing new control systems (Anderson Anderson, 2010). Identification of Evolution as a Change in Action based on Brian Swimme Brian Swimme, a Cosmologist at the California Institute of Integral Studies asserts that the Great Story comprises of both human purpose as well as meaning (Marx Hubbard, 2003). Based on Brian Swimmes readings, it can genuinely be ascertained that evolution is actually a change in action. This is because the readings depict the fact that the Great Story which is also regarded as the Big History, Epic of Evolution, or the Universe Story the cosmic genesis is a formation of galaxies and the creation of collective learning and self-reflective consciousness that has ultimately resulted in the emergence of comprehensive tools and compassion that are aimed at helping the human population harmoniously live with the broad body of life. Based on the readings by Brian Swimme (Lynam, 2012). it becomes apparent that the contemporary human species is experiencing great transitions from one evolution stage to the next. It is also quite clear that conscious evolution has emerged in the modern gener ation due to the fact that the human population has attained co-destruction powers of the world and even gained co-creation powers of immeasurable futures. Evolution is truly a change in action because it has led to the creation of a new world view that has arose from three new major conditions namely new capacities, new crises, and new cosmology (Smith, 2016). Brian Swimme asserts that the human population has not yet fully achieved a meaning approach towards the universe and instead, it has only created a mode of human presence on the world or earth in a distorted manner. This is because historians in the modern world have no comprehensive story regarding the universe. For example, most of the contemporary historians in their endeavor to articulate the history of the world, usually deal with humans alone instead of dealing with the entire world (Hubbard, 2015). This is regardless of the known fact that humans cannot be separated from the story of the universe or the world. However, one of the most major changes that have occurred in this twentieth century is the passage from a sense of cosmos to a sense of Cosmo-genesis. Evolution is indeed a change in action because the modern period has now been characterized by a time development consciousness mode up from the dominant spatial consciousness mode (Tucker Grim, 2016). Evolution is a change in action because the human population has now taken over significant control of majority of the earths life systems. This implies that the future will be highly dependent on the decision of humans to an extent that has never been thought of during the past. Identification of Evolution as a Change in Action based on Ken Wilbers Readings According to Ken Wilbers theory of everything, it can honestly be ascertained that evolution does not necessarily explain or discuss lifes exterior forms like for instance the development of cells to sponges, to fish, to reptiles, to mammals, and then finally to human beings (Sarath, 2016). The author asserts that evolution truly powers the cosmos interior dimensions and it is therefore behind the development of astonishing human culture and consciousness. Evolution is truly a change in action because human beings have evolved into higher dimensions and aspects of beauty, truth, and goodness. A final analysis indicates that the human population is indeed an evolution in action (Wilber, 2000). Ken Wilber further asserts that there will reach a point where there will be brain-computer linkages which will make it possible to ascertain the mind space of an individual through brain scanning machines! As a result, evolution will become a change in action in that the educational systems wil l lead to production of higher consciousness levels (VerÃ…Å ¸iĆ¡, 2016). This will make it possible for individuals to effectively take into account the developmental attitudes of other people. The evolvement of human consciousness brings change in action because it also affects the other realms of peoples lives. Based on the above readings and information from other sources, it can be concluded that evolution is indeed a change in action. Such changes not only affect the human population, but also affect the entire world. It can be asserted that human beings are both an agent and product of the evolution process because they form an integral part of what happens in the day to day lives. The change in action is not an issue that started yesterday, today, or will start tomorrow, but rather, it is a continuous process that started a long time and which will never end. References Anderson, D., Anderson, L. A. (2010). Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Capra, F. (2004). The hidden connections: A science for sustainable living. Anchor. Capra, F. (2007). Sustainable Living, Ecological Literacy, and the Breath of Life. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 12(1), 9-18. Capra, F., Luisi, P. L. (2014). The systems view of life: A unifying vision. Cambridge University Press. Clammer, J. (2016). Sustainability, Cultural Citizenship and the Ecological Self. In Cultures of Transition and Sustainability (pp. 117-135). Palgrave Macmillan US. Hubbard, B. M. (2015). Conscious Evolution-Revised Edition: Awakening the Power of Our Social Potential. New World Library. Lynam, A. (2012). Navigating a geography of sustainability worldviews: A developmental map. Journal of Sustainability Education, 3, 1-14. Marx Hubbard, B. (2003). Conscious evolution: The next stage of human development. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 20(4), 359-370. Sarath, E. (2016). A Consciousness-Based Look at Spontaneous Creativity. The Oxford Handbook of Critical Improvisation Studies, 132. Smith, C. (2016). Do we need science to re-connect with earth?. EarthSong Journal: Perspectives in Ecology, Spirituality and Education, 3(2), 18. Tucker, M. E., Grim, J. (2016). II. Integrating Ecology and Justice: The Papal Encyclical. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 91(3), 261-270. VerÃ…Å ¸iĆ¡, S. (2016). 3/7-An Integral Approach to the Thought Space or Noosphere-Evolving of Human Consciousness and its Energy. Integral Leadership Review. VerÃ…Å ¸iĆ¡, S. (2016). 3/7-An Integral Approach to the Thought Space or Noosphere-Evolving of Human Consciousness and its Energy. Integral Leadership Review. Wilber, K. (2000). Sex, ecology, spirituality. Shambhala Publications.

The Fine Arts Reduced to a Sin Essay Example

The Fine Arts Reduced to a Sin Essay The Fine Arts Reduced to a Single Principle? The theory that all art is imitation is a good starting point to deciphering what exactly art is, but it is not the cornerstone, contrary to Plato, Aristotle, and Batteuxs beliefs may be.Batteauxs Single Principle of the fine arts suggests that all art is imitation of beautiful nature conveyed through colours, relief, and attitudes.An obvious counter argument to that theory is music.As one of the fine arts Music in general is not imitative.Possibly earlier chanting rituals could be related to imitative animal sounds, as Carroll suggests, and even Rap artists from today such as DMX might fit in this category; who imitate animal sounds in their music, whether it be by barking, or even cooing like a pigeon.But to suggest that symphonies that were in existence at the time of Batteauxs text are imitative is absurd.Most of the early theories on art are irrelevant to todays work, the definitions dont seem to have a very long shelf life as the art ists are constantly trying to out do the philosophers. Its almost like a game.To classify all art under one category is a daunting and in my opinion futile task.Consider all the different genres of art, from music to painting to sculpture to dance to film, and then from there, divide those into their own respective genres, abstract, symbolist, surrealist, et al. There cannot be a single definition for all forms of art today.In each philosophys time, Im sure they were fairly accurate in their theory of their art, but to think of relating these primitive theories to todays art is absurd to say the least. Neo-representationalism is the closest theory of art in thefirst readings.To say that art has to be about something is very accurate, art has a purpose, it is created for a reason, therefore it is about something.To be able to classify such difficult art pieces such as ready-